Sunday, February 16, 2014

The emergence of money (2)

Gesture new historical evolution of money

Before the invention of coins or devised or discovered or invented, select what you want from those words, they are all on different, can express the existence of money on this earth, because that happened thousands of years ago, or during the past millennia, and in very many pictures, so difficult to describe the emergence of money in certain specific, if an individual's ability to produce goods and provide services to others, it was the beginning of the tee in the process of exchange, for those goods and services with others, has been the way that opened the way, in front of the first beginnings of the exchange (barter at the time), barter goods compared to other goods and services, the individual needs and do not possess, but I have others available, and this so-called swap or barter economy. We can facilitate the division of the subject into two parts: first, we can be called a swap or barter economy, and the second part the money economy.

First, swap or barter economy:

Before he knew the man money, he was obliged to use the goods and services, which is owned as tools to be replaced or exchanged, for goods and services it needs, which is in the possession of others, so the man's ability to acquire it at the other side of the goods, it depends heavily on what he has is of goods and services, is accepted by the other party as a result of the lack of an intermediate tool, such as cash, as at the present time, the other The party may not want what you have in the goods, and this was a great difficulties in front of barter transactions. Than previously possible definition of barter as (the exchange of goods or services in exchange for other goods or services in one stage only, without an intermediary between the two commodities) What is the meaning of being a single stage? This means that the dealers standing in front of each other, replaces both of them what the other has, commodity commodity in the process of replacing one, take wheat and give me a chicken, there is nothing else in my hand dealers is wheat and chicken.

 

The most important cons swap or barter economy:

1.    Incompatibility desires.

2.    The inability of many of the goods to the retailer, or to transfer the difficulty of retail goods and services.

3.    Values ​​do not exist or eighths of a clear, goods or services.

4.    The possibility of damage and decreasing commodity values, and the presence of the costs to store the goods.

5.    The need to move between markets, to search for compatibility.

 

These things and others combined, contributed to induce human thinker, to search for alternatives to address the disadvantages of barter, and has already succeeded in finding the money commodity, and use some of the goods, commodities standard measured by the values ​​and the prices of the rest of the other commodities, which is what was later called cash commodity, such as wheat at the Egyptian old, when tobacco Indians, knives and tools at the Chinese, and the Greeks were using cattle as money commodity, etc. .. , And passed hundreds and thousands of years, so I ended up with this wonderful human thinker, is to create money and use it, as a genius and a median of exchange.

 

Second, the money economy:
During the periods above, which spanned thousands of years, the use of many forms of goods, to do some of the tasks performed by the money now, ended up humanity to use precious metals such as gold or silver, where she has exchange value along with its value as a commodity, it should be noted that the oldest coin, known until now appeared in the fifth century BC. In the book (The Story of Civilization), we find that the Chinese government, made the gold is the official currency Dynasty Shen, and currency was younger made from a mixture of copper and tin, but then the money that drove gold from the deal, because of the tendency of people to keep the gold for its value Top the rest of the metals. Since that experiment failed because of the large number of what falsity at the time of the coins, replaced by slices of skin, each with a length ahead, and this was a real slide introduction to the use of paper money. When become what is extracted from copper, less than that meets commercial purposes, for the large number of goods traded, the emperor ordered "Shin Dzunj" in 807 BC, to deposit coins are all in the government's coffers, and to issue in lieu thereof certificates city dubbed the Chinese name " money plane. " As we saw did not stop the evolution of money, on the backs of coins of gold and silver, but development continues to be featured paper money, which is the most significant development in the history of money, after the appearance of coins. Began the emergence of paper money, in Europe in the seventeenth century , because of the risk to merchants, to carry large amounts of precious metals, was baptized these traders to deposit their gold or silver at Suyyagh (gold dealers and precious metals) to be held for they have, where they are the only ones who have safes big and strong , and the jeweler gives the applicant paper (bond or document) in the form of a receipt or certificate, or pledge pledging to refund you as filed, the request of the owner as soon as he went to him. People began dealing in those documents, or receipts in commercial transactions, as an alternative to cash gold, and because of the manipulation of some Suyyagh, through the issuance of documents without gold, there has been a recent development which represent in taking banks, the issuance of such documents or papers alternative to gold, it has become the bank receives gold, and issued receipts and not Suyyagh Kve before. The historians tell us that the first real attempt to issue banknotes money, occurred in Sweden in 1856 AD, where they found paper money issued by the banks, which was named for this reason banknote (Bank-Note)
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